Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
15.13
O
9
1
0
12
H
2
C
O
C
(
CH
2
)
7
CH
CH
CH CH(OH) CH
2
(
)
53
CH
2
O
CHOC
(
CH
2
)
7
CH
CH
CH CH(OH) CH
2
(
)
53
CH
2
O
H
2
C
O
C
(
CH
2
)
7
CH
CH
CH CH(OH) CH
2
(
)
53
CH
2
All of the double bonds have a
cis
geometry.
15.14
a.
Compare with eq. 15.5.
O
O
-
K
+
C
15
H
C
+
HCl
C
15
H
CO H
+
KCl
31
31
2
b.
Compare with eq. 15.6.
O
O
O
-
Na
+
2+
O
-
Ca
2+
+
2
C
15
H
C
+Ca
(
C
15
H
C
)
+
2
31
31
2
15.15
Sodium carbonate can be used as a base to convert a long chain carboxylic acid to
the corresponding sodium carboxylate (a soap). If 2 moles of acid are used for each
mole of sodium carbonate, the other products are water and carbon dioxide, which
are easily removed from the soap.
O
O
O
-
Na
+
+H
2
O+ OC
15.16
Note that in the first step Markovnikov's rule is followed, and alkylation occurs
via
a
secondary carbocation.
2
R
C
OH
+Na
2
CO
3
2
R
C
H
CH
3
(
CH
2
)
9
C
CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
(
)
9
CH
CH
2
H
+
H
SO
,
SO
4
3
H
H
CH
3
(
CH
2
)
9
CH
3
(
CH
2
)
9
C
CH
3
C
CH
3
NaOH
-
+
SO
3
Na
SO
3
H
