Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Reaction Summary
Combustion
(
O
2
3
n
+1
C
n
H
2+2
+
n
C
O
2
+(
n
+ 1)H
2
O
Halogenation (Substitution)
heat or light
R
H+X
2
R
X+H X
(X = Cl,Br)
Mechanism Summary
Halogenation
heat or light
X
X
2X
Initiation
R
H+
X
R+HX
Propagation
R
+XX
R
X
+
X
Termination
2
X
X
X
2R
R
R
R
+X
R
X
Learning Objectives
1.
Know the meaning of: saturated hydrocarbon, alkane, cycloalkane, homologous
series, methylene group.
2.
Know the meaning of: conformation, staggered, eclipsed, “dash-wedge” projection,
Newman projection, “sawhorse” projection, rotational isomers, rotamers.
3.
Know the meaning of: chair conformation of cyclohexane, equatorial, axial,
geometric or
cis-trans
isomerism, conformational and configurational isomerism.
4.
Know the meaning of: substitution reaction, halogenation, chlorination, bromination,
free-radical chain reaction, chain initiation, propagation, termination, combustion.
5.
Given the IUPAC name of an alkane or cycloalkane, or a halogen-substituted alkane
or cycloalkane, draw its structural formula.
6.
Given the structural formula of an alkane or cycloalkane or a halogenated derivative,
write the correct IUPAC name.
7.
Know the common names of the alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, methylene halides,
and haloforms.
8.
Tell whether two hydrogens in a particular structure are identical or different from
one another by determining whether they give the same or different products by
monosubstitution with some group X.
