Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Ammonolysis of Esters
RCO
2
R'
+
NH
RCONH
2
+
R'OH
3
Esters and Grignard Reagents
R''
1.
2 R"MgX
RCO
2
R'
R
COH
+
R'OH
H O
+
2.
3
R''
Reduction of Esters
1.
LiAlH
H O
+
4
RCO
2
R'
RCH
2
OH
+
R'OH
2.
3
Preparation of Acyl Chlorides
+
RCO
2
H
SOCl
2
RCOCl
+
HCl
+
SO
2
RCO
2
H
+
PCl
5
RCOCl
+
HCl
+
POCl
3
Preparation of Anhydrides
O
O
O
O
+-
O
R
CCl
+N
CR'
R
CO
CR'
+
NaCl
Reactions of Acyl Halides (or Anhydrides)
O
H O
2
R
CCl
RCO
2
H
+
HCl
(or RCO
2
H)
R'OH
or
RCO
2
R'
+
HCl
(or RCO
2
H)
O
O
NH
3
R
CO
CR
RCONH
2
+
NH Cl
(or RCO
2
H)
4
Amides from Ammonium Salts
heat
-
+
RCO
2
NH
4
RCONH
2
+
H O
2
Reactions of Amides
H
+
or HO
-
RCONH
2
+
H O
RCO
2
+NH
3
2
LiAlH
4
RCONH
2
RCH
2
NH
2
Urea
O
heat
pressure
CO
2
+
2NH
3
C
+
H O
2
H N
NH
2
2
