Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Grignard Reagents
H
3
O
+
RMgX
+
H
2
C
O
RH
2
C
OMgX
RHCOH
formaldehyde
primary alcohol
H
H
H
3
O
+
RMgX
+
R'HC
O
R'
C
OMgX
R'
C
OH
other aldehydes
R
R
secondary alcohol
R'
R'
H
3
O
+
RMgX
+
R'R''C
O
R''
C
OMgX
R''
C
OH
ketone
R
R
tertiary alcohol
Hydrogen Cyanide
O
OH
HC
N
+
C
R
C
R
R
R = H, alkyl
R
CN
cyanohydrin
Nitrogen Nucleophiles
O
NHR'
NR'
-
H
2
O
R'
NH
+C
R
C
R
C
2
R
R = H, alkyl
R
R
imine
R
OH
Reduction
O
OH
C
LiAlH
4
or NaBH
4
C
R
R
R
R
H
Oxidation
Tollens'
test
+
+3HO
-
RCO
2
-
+2Ag
°
RCH
O
+2
Ag
(
H
3
)
2
+4 HN+
2
O
2
aldehyde
silver mirror
CrO
3
, H
+
2
RCH
O
2
RCO
2
