Assessing Adaptive Capacity - Climate Change and Water Governance: Adaptive Capacity in Chile and Switzerland - page 276

13.1.3 Networks
Table 13.3 Operationalised indicators of ad aptive capacity relating to network components of the governance system with case examples

Case example
Chile

Network indicators Operationalisation Switzerland

Cooperation
(Collaboration)

Negotiation :
Ability to
negotiate and
resolve
con fl icts, reach
agreements on
water distribu-
tion, security
and pollution.

Lack of a formal flexible mechanism of conflict
resolution; court costs require resolutions to
be financed by the JdV rather than
Association of Canalistas, who are
financially weaker; user to user negotiation
on water issues, and agreements between
JdV and mining and hydroelectric
companies in the basin; utilities negotiate
water prices nodes every 5 years with
Superintencia ; individualism and autonomy
amongst rights holders challenges ability to
agree a canal or JdV level strategy or
solution and lack of interest to cooperate.

Consultation between private sector (hydropower companies)
and commune level; balance between federal provisions
(legal base for financing), individual or group interested
stakeholders, and fulfilment of functions concerning
security, but also the ecology of the watercourses; lengthy
and complex participative settlement of project implemen-
tation (leads to weakening of more radical innovation in
TRC); conflict resolution expected at commune, with
mediation role played by semi-administrative bodes such
as Landwirtschaftzentrum ; community resource manage-
ment deemed as an important factor for solidarity and
conflict resolution (attempting to foster it despite advances
in modern irrigation infrastructure).

Modes of
organisation :
Institutional
platforms for
actors to
collaborate and
cooperate
across different
sectors, uses
and scales.

Formation of JdV are provided for in the
Water Code; Self-organised cooperation
between JdV and canals during periods of
drought allows flexible agreements and
private compensation on water releases
from one section to another that helps
spread the risk and impacts more evenly
and reduce social conflict - based on
variable personal relationships and trust
(i.e. functions much better between certain
sections than others). Drought provision in
Water Code instructs DGA on compensa-
tion and liability, while CNR is guided by
Law 18.450 for promotions and financial
support of irrigation and efficiency.

Cross-sector collaboration through the Krisenstab for extreme
periods, but little cross-sector co-ordination or contact on
water resource management during 'normal' periods;
individual company to company or commune to company
agreements on water releases for artificial snow produc-
tion; hydropower operators, universities cooperate and
share information and flood management responsibility
with canton and commune administrations through the
convention for MINERVE; water optimisation between
hydropower operators (that are reliant on same resource);
increasing levels of collaboration between communes (e.g.
joint planning and training); sector, regional and local
focus to partnerships and platforms for cooperation and
joint learning.