Assessing Adaptive Capacity - Climate Change and Water Governance: Adaptive Capacity in Chile and Switzerland - page 272

Table 13.2 (continued)

Knowledge
indicators Operationalisation Case examples

Chile Switzerland

Coverage :
Extensiveness and
accuracy of the
monitoring
network.

State monitors snow and precipitation, but irrigators also
rely on private meteorological stations (e.g. Mina
Andina) for weather information. CONAMA
responsible for water quality monitoring, DGA for
water quantity monitoring (4× per year), ONEMI for
enforcement of quality failures. Monitoring difficult to
coordinate and then implement controls. No national
network and no consistent and coherent annual/
monthly/regular monitoring of quality issues. DGA
recently initiated a Chile wide glacier monitoring
programme.

Hourly quantity monitoring across public and private
sectors; canton quality monitoring as part of a
national network co-ordinated through the federal
level. Private sector collaboration on monitoring
network (e.g. Universities, Canton, Hydropower
companies; Engineering consultancies establishing
stream sediment monitoring). In mountain areas,
monitoring network is less advanced than
elsewhere, but more monitoring stations are being
implemented to improve understanding of spring
levels under climate change.

Transparency Availability/Coverage :

Availability,
relevance of and
access to
information on
water resources.

Lack of available, systematised and accessible informa-
tion on water rights, water judgments, water market
and prices, and the health and availability of water
resources. Public water registry is out of date, and
incomplete and non-electronic. Odepa.cl - available
online data; DGA has no oversight on the trading and
transaction of rights, market is seen as 'dark';
information on impacts in upper basin/mining
companies is inaccessible. Multiple institutions
manage water rights data ( Conservador de Bienes
Raises ; DGA, Junta) - non-systematised and chaotic
management.

Online publication and access of canton and federal
data, plans (e.g. Kantonale Gewässersanierungs
Plan, CERISE) across different platforms
(MeteoSuisse, BAFU, vs.ch, planat.ch). Data on
snow-production, water use, hydropower use are
difficult to access, and spread across multiple
companies and communes (though available
online at many commune websites). MINERVE
data sharing is still paper based in contrast to the
online publication of plans and data concerning
TRC. MINERVE implements a convention (signed
between the owners of the hydropower installa-
tions and the Valais) for an exchange of informa-
tion during crisis periods.