Assessing Adaptive Capacity - Climate Change and Water Governance: Adaptive Capacity in Chile and Switzerland - page 268

Table 13.1 (continue d)

Case area
Chile Regime indicators Operationalisation Switzerland

Effectiveness Implement-ability : Translation

of de Jure provisions into de
Facto outcomes.

Payment for non-use to reduce hoarding has not
worked in reality as farmers prefer to protect
rights, and fees are negligible for hydropower
and mining companies; aims of market
distribution ineffective because farmers value
security over profit under conditions of
scarcity. Technical expertise hampered in
implementation by political and legal
constraints.

Complex interplay between federal/cantonal legal
provisions for sustainable and integrated water
management and local level sovereignty;
environmental flow provision is a point of
tension between the energy, agriculture and
environmental protection departments, in
terms of implementation rather than legal
provisions; conflicting view on implementa-
tion of TRC concept, pitting economy
(agricultural land owners) versus ecology
(political/environmental stakeholders).

Holistic : Incentives to use water
ef fi ciently and effectively
across multiple uses (incl.
conservation).

Water market led to highly connected supply and
sanitation but no price for water (nor
differential pricing according to use/sector)
removes incentives for demand side or water
balance management; Law 18.450 incen-
tivises irrigation efficiency; inequities
(upstream : downstream) and over-use (no
environmental flows; full use of water rights
volumes).

Focus on end of pipe solutions; lack of incentives/
provisions for water conservation.

Capacity : Matching up
resources at the level of
enforcement.

Lack of capacity in the DGA to administer water
rights, transactions and hydrological
investigations left to private actors; funds
from MOP for drought response are low in
years with other disasters (e.g. earthquake of
2010), limiting ability to implement projects
to minimise economic impacts of drought.

Challenges in enforcement at canton and local
level due to lack of capacity; but means of
balancing this through federal assistance