Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Normal Probability Plot
1.25+
* +
*++++*
**+
*+++
Te st
--Statistic--
-----p Value------
Pr < W
Pr > D
Pr > W-Sq
pr > A-Sq
+***++
Shapiro-WilK
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Cramer-von Mises
Anderson-Darling
0.953728
0.097586
0.031298
0.2581
0.4272
>0.1500
>0.2500
>0.2500
W
D
W-Sq
A-Sq
+++***
*+
*+*+** *
-1.25+
*++++*+
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
-2
-1 0 1 2
6
Log (EC
50
) = 2.62 - 2.93 (σ
con
)
r
2
= 0.87
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2
1
0
-1
-2
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
σ
con
FIGURE 8.1
Bacterial bioluminescence inhibition 15-minute EC
50
data for 20 metal ions
(McCloskey et al. 1996) modeled with Kinraide's softness index (Kinraide 2009). The SAS
code listed in Appendix 8.1 produced the normality plots and tests for the regression residuals
(top) and also plots of predicted and observed data (middle) and plots of regression residuals
versus the explanatory variable, σ
con
(bottom). (Data from J.T. McCloskey, M.C. Newman,
and S.B. Clark. “Predicting the Relative Toxicity of Metal Ions Using Ion Characteristics:
Microtox
®
Bioluminescence Assay.
Environ. Toxicol. Chem
. 15 (1996):1730-1737; and T.B.
Kinraide, Improved Scales for Metal Ion Softness and Toxicity.
Environ. Toxicol. Chem
. 28
(2009):525-533.)
