Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 5.21
Nonphysicochemical Properties Used to Predict Cation Toxicity
Property
Test Systems
Test Substance(s)
Reference
Serum concentrations
Intravenous determination of dog's lethal dose
Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Na
1+
, K
1+
Joseph and Meltzer (1909)
Calmodulin activity
Mouse LD
50
values from Williams et al.
(1982)
Ba
2+
, Be
2+
, Cd
2+
, Co
2+
, Cu
2+
, Hg
2+
, Mn
2+
, Ni
2+
,
Pb
2+
, Pd
2+
, Pt
2+
, Sr
2+
, Zn
2+
Cox and Harrison (1983)
Calmodulin activity
Chinese hamster ovary cells of Tan et al.
(1984)
Be
2+
, Cd
2+
, Co
2+
, Cu
2+
, Hg
2+
, Mn
2+
, Ni
2+
, Pd
2+
,
Sr
2+
, Zn
2+
Williams et al.
(1987)
Fresh water concentrations
Stickleback and planarian data from Jones (1939,
1940) and
Daphnia magna
data from Biesinger
and Christensen (1972)
Al
3+
, As
3+
, Ca
2+
, Cd
2+
, Co
2+
, Cr
3+
, Cu
2+
, Fe
2+,
Hg
2+
, K
1+
, Mg
2+
, Mn
2+
, Na
1+
, Ni
2+
, Pb
2+
, Pt
2+
,
Zn
2+
Svanberg and Lithner (1978)
Fresh water concentrations
Daphnia magna
data from Biesinger and
Christensen (1972)
Al
3+
, As
3+
, Ca
2+
, Cd
2+
, Co
2+
, Cr
3+
, Cu
2+
, Fe
2+,
Hg
2+
, K
1+
, Mg
2+
, Mn
2+
, Na
1+
, Ni
2+
, Pb
2+
, Zn
2+
Lithner (1989)
Abundance in the earth's crust
Daphnia magna
data from Biesinger and
Christensen (1972)
Al
3+
, As
3+
, Ca
2+
, Cd
2+
, Co
2+
, Cr
3+
, Cu
2+
, Fe
2+,
Hg
2+
, K
1+
, Mg
2+
, Mn
2+
, Na
1+
, Ni
2+
, Pb
2+
, Zn
2+
Lithner (1989)
Abundance in the earth's crust
White lupin (
Lupinus albus
) (concentration in
which radicles of seedlings in test solution were
able to survive for 24 hours).
AgNO
3
, BaCl
2
, BeSO
4
, CaCl
2
, CdCl
2
, CoSO
4
,
CsCl, FeSO
4
, HgCl
2
, KCl, LiCl, MgCl
2
, NaCl,
NiSO
4
, RbCl, SrCl
2
, ZnCl
2
True (1930)
Soil concentrations and soil or
plant elemental composition
F.1.
Helianthus annuus
“Sunspot” plant
(concentration giving 50% inhibition of radicle
growth (EC
50
) one day after emergence)
Ag
1+
, Al
3+
, Ba
2+
, Ca
2+
, Cd
2+
, Co
2+
, Cu
2+
, Fe
3+
, K
1+
,
La
3+
,
Li
1+
, Mg
2+
, Mn
2+
, Na
1+
, Ni
2+
, Pb
2+
, Zn
2+
Walker et al.
(2007)
