Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
less suitable to fit the experimental data. These results indicate that covalent
bonding is a good indicator of metal inherent toxicity to bioluminescent fungi.
Furthermore, the toxicity of additional metal ions [Ag(I), Cs(I), Sr(II), Ba(II),
Fe(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II)] to
G. viridilucens
was predicted, and Pb was found to
be the most toxic metal to this bioluminescent fungus.
Su, Zhao,
Yuan, Mu,
Wang, and
Ya n
2010
Evaluation of
combined
toxicity of
phenols and lead
to
Photobacterium
phosphoreum
and quantitative
structure-activity
relationships
Bull. Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol.
84:311-314
Lead
Each of nine phenols was combined individually with three concentrations of
lead and these combinations were tested in
Photobacterium phosphoreum
. The
result indicated that the combined toxicity of lead and phenol is not only
dependent on the Pb concentrations but also on the positions of substituted
groups of phenols. QSARs were built from the combined toxicity and
physicochemical descriptors of phenols in the different Pb concentrations. The
combined toxicity was related to water solubility and the third order molecular
connectivity index (
3
X
) in low Pb concentration, to solute excess molar
refractivity (
E
) and ionization constant (p
K
a) in medium Pb concentration, and
to dipolarity/polarizability (
S
) in high Pb concentration.
Zhou, Li,
Peijnenburg
Ownby,
Hendriks,
Wang, and
Li
2011
A QICAR
approach for
quantifying
binding
constants for
metal-ligands
complexes
Ecotox.
Environ.
Safety
74:1036-
1042
Ag
1+
, Ca
2+
, Cd
2+
,
Co
2+
, Cu
2+
, K
1+
,
Mg
2+
, Na
1+
,
Ni
2+
, Pb
2+
, Zn
2+
To find the necessary variety of metals and species to develop QICARs, this
study evaluated 50 conditional binding constants (
K
) for biotic ligands from 27
studies. Species were included if the conditional binding constants were
available for at least six different metals. For each species, the
K
values
determined for similar exposure conditions and response types (i.e.,
immobilization, root growth inhibition, cocoon production, mortality) were
combined to calculate mean ligand-specific conditional binding constants (K).
log K QICARs were developed for the Pearson and Mawby softness parameter
(σp), the covalent index (χ2m r), the absolute value of the first hydrolysis
constant (log KOH ), and the ionic index Z2/r) for five species. log K QICARs
were developed for
Daphnia magna
, fathead minnows, rainbow trout, barley,
and earthworms.
a
The references are summarized with emphasis on QSARs, as they relate to bioavailability, bioconcentration, biosorption, binding, or toxicity of metal ions.
