Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
BOX 3.2
POTENTIAL SOCIOECONOMIC ISSUES
THAT CAN FORM THREATS TO
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
●
Patterns of land and resource use:
damaging land and resource use (including forest, water,
wildlife);
damaging development plans (roads, dams, and so on)
or projected changes in land use;
lack of existing zoning regulations;
lack of protected areas.
●
Governance and land/resource ownership and man-
agement:
political boundaries (provinces, districts);
insecure or confl icting land tenure (private, public,
ancestral/communal areas);
confl icting responsibilities for management (for example,
Forestry vs. Agriculture Departments).
●
Population data:
high population density and growth rates, population
centres;
unhelpful human migration patterns (in- and out-
migration);
high levels of poverty.
threats, or a combination of attributes including human development
needs will make a more targeted ICDP able to function across landscapes
is not yet known, but this thinking may have helped to clarify some of the
structural issues of ICDP design.
There is real local ownership
Experience indicates that ICDPs are more likely to succeed if they have
two levels of support. First, in African countries, it is important that
the government authorities support the project, as it will be impossible
to implement if their support is lacking. Once operational, the issue of
ownership moves to the people who live in close proximity to the natural
resource values the ICDP is seeking to conserve. In general the involvement
of many dif erent groups of people (stakeholders) during the design and
implementation stages of a project is fundamental to making the project
work and for it to become sustainable. However, this is often dii cult to
