The link between ecological and social paradigms and the sustainability of environmental management: a case study of semi- arid Tanzania - Environmental Management - page 290

400 0 400 800 Kilometres

N

Note: Mean monthly temperature above 18°C; evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation
in one or more seasons; mean annual rainfall between 400mm and 1200mm. (Seasons are
dei ned on the basis of climatic l uctuations in Tanzania and take into account the long
rains and short rains.)

Source: Quinn (2005).

Figure 9.3 The extent of semi-arid regions in Tanzania based on the

DFID dei nition

and discrete tribes, rather that tribal membership was l uid and the result
of adaptation to the landscape (Ilif e, 1979). Tribal membership also did
not mean isolation from other groups. Many shared a common heritage
and continued to interact through trade, intermarriage and migration
(Homewood and Rodgers, 1991).
Kieran (1972), Shorter (1974) and Ilif e (1979) have attempted to discuss
in detail the origins and history of people in East Africa. The historical
development of societies in Tanzania will be discussed here based on their