Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Sea'. This Protocol was signed in 2002, and has been in force since
2004, replacing the existing 'Protocol Concerning Cooperation in
Combating Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Oil and Other
Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency', which was in force from
1976. The Prevention and Emergency Protocol commits states to
notify each other in case of an oil spill and to cooperate in the clean-
up. In the event of an oil spill or other emergencies UNEP and also
any other state likely to be af ected must be informed. Moreover, in
the framework of this Protocol, a regional activity centre (REMPEC
- Regional Marine Pollution Emergency Response Centre for the
Mediterranean Sea) has been established in Malta, administered by
the International Maritime Organization and the United Nations
Environment Programme to deal with the implementation of this
Protocol. Cooperation in the clean-up includes salvage or recovery
of packages containing hazardous or noxious substances released or
lost overboard. The Protocol also provides for other actions such as
dissemination of reports and information. The article about assist-
ance allows for it to be asked for and given by the regional activity
centre or by any other signatory state in the form of equipment,
products and facilities, expert advice and the costs of any action
shall be borne by the requesting Party.
LBS (Land-Based Sources) Protocol.
The full title is 'Protocol for
the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution from
Land-Based Sources'. It was signed in 1980 and has been in force
since 1983. This Protocol was amended as the 'Protocol for the
Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution from Land-
Based Sources and Activities'. The amendment was signed in 1995
but still awaits entry into force. The LBS Protocol covers some
sectors of activity, including heavy metal industries, agriculture,
energy production and waste treatment, binding the countries to
adopt new industrial, agricultural and waste treatment practices.
It also commits states to ban or strictly limit a number of com-
pounds such as organohalogens, organophosphorus compounds,
organotins, heavy metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons, radioactive
substances and thermal discharges inter alia. The Protocol in itself
does not dei ne specii c emission or time limits; however, it provides
that states should progressively adopt such guidelines and meas-
ures. Following this, in 1997 the MED POL programme assisted
countries to design and adopt the 'Strategic Action Programme
to Address Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from Land-Based
Activities (SAP)', which entails more specii c emission and time
limits for pollution reduction.
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