Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
William the Liberator extends his feudal control over Provence, which becomes a mar-
quisate and joins the Holy Roman Empire.
1309-76
Pope Clément V moves the Holy Seat to Avignon, and nine pontiffs head the Roman
Catholic church from there until 1376; 'home' is the Palais des Papes.
1481
King of Naples, Good King René's nephew and successor, Charles III, dies heirless
and Provence falls to Louis XI of France.
1530s
The Reformation sweeps through France, prompting the core of Catholicism to be
questioned.
1539
French (rather than Provençal) is made the official administrative language of
Provence.
1545
People of 11 Luberon villages are massacred under the terms of the Arrêt de Mérindol,
a bill condemning anyone of Waldensian faith to death.
1560
Nîmes native Jean Nicot (1530-1600) becomes the first to import tobacco into France
from Portugal, hence the word 'nicotine'.
1562-98
The Wars of Religion see numerous bloody clashes between French Catholics and
Protestants (Huguenots).
1598
Bourbon king Henry IV gives French Protestants freedom of conscience with the Edict
of Nantes - to the horror of Catholic Paris and Roman Catholicism stronghold Avign-
on.
 
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