Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 15
T
HE
D
ESTRCTION OF THE
C
OMPOSITIONS
B
ASED ON
C
HITOSAN
C
OPOLYMERS WITH
A
CRYLIC
M
ONOMERS BY
M
ICROMYCETES
K. A. Zotov, V. F. Smirnov, L. A. Smirnova,
*
A. E. Motchalova,
D. V. Kryazhev and N. E. Tsverova
Nizhny Novgorod State University after N. I. Lobatchevsky, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
A
BSTRACT
The article covers the process of the biodestruction of block and grafted copolymers
of chitosan with acrylic monomers (methylacrylate, acrylamide, acrylonitrile) under the
action of various species of microscopic fungi and their single ferments: oxidoreductases
(catalase, peroxidase) and hydrolases (chitosanase, protease, esterase). The most effective
destructors for all the studied compositions are the following: Aspergillus niger, A.
terreus, Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium cyclopium, P. funiculosum, Trichoderma
viride. The example with the usage of chitosan copolymers with methylacrylate exhibits
that the destruction process involves synthetic fragments of macrochains which can be
concluded from a triple decrease of molecular mass and a drop in physical- mechanical
properties of polymer mats. The molecular mass of the fragment of the synthetic polymer
in block and grafted (co)polymers is proved to be the limiting factor in the process of the
design of totally biodegradable polymers.
Keywords:
Biodestruction, micromycetees, ferments, block and grafted (co)polymers, acrylic
monomers, chitosan, physical- mechanical properties, molecular mass
I
NTRODUCTION
One of the acute ecological problems, which drew public attention 20 years ago and
remains almost unsolved up to the present moment, is a dramatic increase of the rate of
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