Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
minous work documenting many of the
features of life for African Americans in
Chicago.
12. Burgess, “Residential Segregation,”
108.
13. Martin Bulmer, The Chicago
School of Sociology: Institutionalization,
Diversity, and the R ise of Sociological
Research (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1984).
14. Green and Truesdell, Census
Tracts in American Cities.
15. Karl E. Taeuber and A lma F.
Taeuber, Negroes in Cities: Residential
Segregation and Neighborhood Change
(Chicago: A ldine Publishing Company,
1965).
16. Otis Dudley Duncan and Stanley
Lieberson, “Ethnic Segregation and As-
similation,” American Journal of Sociol-
ogy 64 ( January 1959): 364-74; Nathan
Kantrowitz, Ethnic and Racial Segregation
in the New York Metropolis: Residential Pat-
terns among White Ethnic Groups, Blacks,
and Puerto Ricans, Praeger Special Studies
in U.S. Economic, Social and Political Is-
sues (New York: Praeger, 1973). here are
many other such studies, all reaching the
same basic results.
17. Douglas Massey and Nancy
Denton, American Apartheid: Segregation
and the Making of the Underclass (C a m -
bridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press,
19 93).
18. The reason for this is simple. Much
of segregation is related to the situation in
the most developed portion of the city or
metropolitan area. Exactly where the city
or metropolitan limits are usually has litle
effect on segregation, since the population
in such areas is relatively small and usually
has very low concentrations of African
Americans.
19. The various dimensions of segre-
gation are discussed in Douglas Massey
and Nancy Denton, “The Dimensions of
Residential Segregation,” Social Forces
67 (1988): 281-315. Following Massey and
Denton, the formula for dissimilarity is:
where ti and pi are the total population
and the minority proportion in the areal
unit, and T and P are the population size
and minority proportion in the whole
area.
The formula for exposure is:
where xi, yi, and ti are the numbers of
X members, Y members, and total
population of unit i, respectively, and X
represents the number of X members ar-
ea-wide. Thus, the exposure index is com-
puted as the minority weighted average of
each spatial unit's majority proportion.
The formula for isolation is:
where xi and ti are the numbers of X mem-
bers and total population of unit i, respec-
tively, and X represents the number of X
members area-wide.
Thus, the isolation index is computed
as the minority weighted average of each
spatial unit's minority proportion. These
three indexes remain the primary mea-
sures of segregation.
20. Table 2.1, which is only available in
digital form, presents data for all of cities
analyzed (sixteen) for 1880 through 1960,
where the data are available. Digital copy
is available on request from Andrew A.
Beveridge (andy@socialexplorer.com).
21. Table 2.1 (see footnote 20) pres-
ents information on population, percent
African American, and segregation for
each city for the decades for which the
information is available. Digital copy
is available on request from Andrew A.
Beveridge
22. The digital data tables, tables 2.1
and 2.2, present detailed results for each
city or region. Digital copies are available
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