Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Output, Income, and Productivity,” in
Collins,
Agrarian History,
224-320; van
Zanden, “The Growth of Production.”
8. See, for example, the limited treat-
ment of railways in Collins,
Agrarian
History.
Important exceptions include
C. Hallas,
The Wensleydale Railway
(Clapham [Bedfordshire]: Dalesman
Books, 1984); D. W. Howell, “The Impact
of Railways on Agricultural Development
in Nineteenth-Century Wales,”
Welsh His-
tory Review
7 (1974-75): 40-62; C. Hallas,
“The Social and Economic Impact of Rural
Railway: The Wensleydale Line,”
Agricul-
tural History Review
34 (1986): 29-44; and
D. Turnock,
An Historical Geography of
Railways in Great Britain and Ireland
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998).
9. C. Bouneau, “Chemins de fer et
développement rural en France de 1852
à 1937: La contribution de la Compagnie
du Midi,”
Histoire, Economie et Société
1
(1990): 95-112; H. Clout, “The Pays de
Bray: A Vale of Dairies in Northern
France,”
Agricultural History Review
51
(2003): 190-208.
10. J.-P. Dormois, “La 'vocation agri-
cole de la France': L'agriculture française
face à la concurrence britannique avant
la guerre de 1914,”
Histoire et Mesure
11
(1996): 329-66; A. Broder, “La longue
stagnation française: Panorama général,”
in
La Longue Stagnation en France: L'autre
grande dépression 1873-1897,
ed. Y. Breton,
A. Broder, and M. Lutfalla (Paris: Éco-
nomica, 1997), 9-58; J.-F. Vidal,
Dépression
et retour de la prospérité: Les économie-
seuropéenes à la fin du XIX
e
siècle
(Paris:
L'Harmatan, 2000); van Zanden, “he
Growth of Production.”
11. J. Carmona, “Sharecropping
and Livestock Specialization in France,
1830-1930,”
Continuity and Change
21
(2006): 235-59; A. Straus and P. Verley,
“L'économie française au XIX
e
siècle:
Analyse macro-économique, une oeuvre
isolée ou une ouverture vers des recher-
ches novatrices?,”
Revue d'Histoire du XIX
e
Siècle
23 (2001): 14; Vidal,
Dépression et
retour;
Michel. Hau, “La résistance des ré-
gions d'agriculture intensive aux crises de
la fin du XIX
e
siècle: Les cas de l'A lsace, du
Vaucluse et du Bas-Languedoc,”
Economie
rurale
184 (1988): 31-41; G. Schmit, “Ag-
riculture in Nineteenth Century France
and Britain: Another Explanation of In-
ternational and Intersectoral Productivity
Differences,”
Journal of European Economic
History
19 (1990): 81-116.
12. J.-C. Toutain,
La production agricole
de la France de 1810 à 1990: Départements et
Régions. Croissance, productivité, structures,
3 vols., Histoire quantitative de l'économie
française (Grenoble: Cahiers de l'ISM ÉA
[Économies et sociétés], 1992-93); Toutain,
“La croissance inégales des régions fran-
çaises: L'agriculture de 1810-1990,”
Revue
Historique
590 (1994): 315-59.
13. Dormois, “La 'vocation agricole,'”
358.
14. A good, brief introduction to HGIS
is I. N. Gregory,
A Place in History: A
Guide to Using GIS in Historical Research
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).
For a fuller account, see I. N. Gregory
and P. S. Ell,
Historical GIS: Technology,
Methodology and Scholarship
(Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2008). The
most convenient survey of the GIS field in
its variety and techniques is the collection
of essays by leading specialists in A. S.
Fotheringham and J. P. Wilson, eds.,
he
Handbook of Geographic Information Sci-
ence,
Blackwell Companions to Geography
(Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2008).
15. The following discussion draws on
research Schwartz has presented in previ-
ous conference papers and several recent
articles, including “New Tools for Clio:
GIS, Railways, and Change over Time
and Space in France and Great Britain,
1840-1914,” 2007, a digital publication
(University of Nebraska and University
of Illinois Press), htp
: //
digitalhistory
