Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Christmas Past: Health Effects of Poverty in London in 1896 and 1991,”
British Medical Journal
321 (2000): 1547-51, which compares London in
the 1890s with the 1990s; I. N. Gregory, “Comparisons between the Ge-
ographies of Mortality and Deprivation from the 1900s to 2001: Spatial
Analysis of Census and Mortality Statistics,”
British Medical Journal
339 (2009): 676-79, which does the same for all of England and Wales,
comparing the 1900s with 2001; P. Norman, I. Gregory, D. Dorling, and
A. Baker, “Geographical Trends in Infant Mortality in England and Wales,
1971-2006,”
Health Statistics Quarterly
40 (2008): 18-29 provides a more
continuous comparison over the last thirty-five years; and P. Congdon,
R. M. Campos, S. E. Curtis, H. R. Southall, I. N. Gregory, and I. R. Jones,
“Quantifying and Explaining Changes in Geographical Inequality of
Infant Mortality in England and Wales since the 1890s,”
International
Journal of Population Geography
7 (2001): 35-51 looks at a longer time
series using more widely spaced intervals.
Moving farther back in time, I. N. Gregory, “Different Places, Dif-
ferent Stories: Infant Mortality Decline in England & Wales, 1851-1911,”
Annals of the Association of American Geographers
98 (2008): 773-94 cre-
ates a continuous time series for these six decades that enables him to
challenge the orthodoxy that infant mortality decline was driven by
public health improvements.
Using HGIS to explore mortality and health is much less well de-
veloped in other countries, perhaps reflecting Britain's statistics on the
subject. An exception to this is E. M. Carter, “Malaria, Landscape and
Society in Northwest Argentina in the Early Twentieth Century,”
Jour-
nal of Latin American Geography
7 (2008): 7-38.
Moving to fertility, G. W. Skinner, M. Henderson, and Y. Jianhua,
“China's Fertility Transition through Regional Space,”
Social Science
History
24 (2000): 613-52 presents an effective analysis of fertility change
in China since the 1960s using continuous time series data. This paper
was one of the earliest applied analyses in historical GIS and still rep-
resents an extremely imaginative use of GIS to study long-term change.
Migration would also seem like an area with much potential for his-
torical GIS work; however, to date this has been more limited than might
be expected. P. A. Longley, R. Webber, and D. Lloyd, “The Quantita-
tive Analysis of Family Names: Historic Migration and the Present Day
