Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.1
(
Cont.
)
Metal nanoparticles
Applications
Antiviral
Antibacterial
Cosmetics
Zinc oxide
Medical devices
Antiviral
Antibacterial
Silver
Platinum
Cancer therapy
Cancer therapy
Antiviral
Antibacterial
Selenium
various polymer materials, physiochemical and biological properties of
such obtained systems, as well as their application as medical devices.
2.2 Platinum Nanoparticles
Platinum-based therapeutic agents are widely used in medicine [11-20].
Platinum nanoparticles (nano-Pt) have been reported to possess anti-
oxidant and antitumor activities. Platinum complexes, such as cisplatin,
have been used for decades to treat a number of maladies (any disorder
or disease of the body, especially one that is chronic or deepseated) [11].
However, the use of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) in medicine is still in
its nascent state [21]. Various approaches for making nanoparticles have
been proposed in the literature (Figure 2.2). h e most common method for
the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles is by chemical reduction of metal
salts, chief among these reduction agents are ethylene glycol and sodium
borohydride [22, 23]. For example, Guo
et al.
synthesized PtNPs using
borohydride as the reducing agent and citric acid as a stabilizer [24]. By
varying the ratio of citric acid to the metal salt, they were able to form
PtNPs ranging in size [24]. h e morphology of PtNPs can be controlled
by the precursor reduction conditions while employing supercritical l uid
reactive deposition [25]. Herricks
et al.
have described a scheme to gener-
ate PtNPs with various sizes and shapes [22]. In this method, polyethylene
glycol serves as the reduction agent and solvent. Further modii cation of
structure was obtained by changing the NaNO
3
/Pt ratio [22]. Additionally,
