Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
NPGE/F1/ATP/F2/
DABA
NPGE/F1
Bare Electrode
NPGE/F1/ATP/F2
1. Electrode
processing
1. EDC/NHS
2.
2.
F1, F2:
ATP:
DABA:
Figure 11.5
Presentation of dif erent modii cation steps for fabrication of the gold
nanoporous-based aptasensor. (Reprinted with permission from ref [40])
11.4
Protein-Nanostructured Gold Bioconjugates
in Biosensing
Living organisms consist of thousands of biological components and perform
a complex array of functions. Among all the biological components, proteins
have an essential role in the activity of the cell. Proteins have multiple func-
tions and serve as enzymes, antibodies and hormones. h e concentration of
proteins is altered in people who are suf ering from a disease. Recognition
of diseases and designing an appropriate therapy strongly depends on the
determination of protein proi les. With all the achievements that human
beings have made to date, communicating with living organisms has pro-
gressed more slowly. Nanotechnology made a breakthrough in the i eld, and
caused great changes in many important areas of molecular biology, which
acts as a versatile interface for communicating with biological systems.
11.4.1
Conjugation of Proteins to Nanoparticles
With a vast majority of bioconjugation methods available, nanopar-
ticles (NPs) could be conjugated to dif erent biomolecules rather sim-
ply. Biomolecules, including proteins, are conjugated to NPs by using
two dif erent approaches; direct covalent linkage of the protein to the
