Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1
ZnO and Graphene Microelectrode
Applications in Biosensing
Susana Campuzano
1
, María Pedrero
1
, Georgia-Paraskevi Nikoleli
2
,
José M. Pingarrón
1
, Dimitrios P. Nikolelis*
,3
, Nikolaos Tzamtzis
2
and
Vasillios N. Psychoyios
2
1
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences,
Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
2
Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical
Engineering, Dept. 1, Chemical Sciences, National Technical
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
3
Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry,
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Abstract
Graphene nanomaterials have been the focus of tremendous attention not only
in the i eld of basic research but also in technological applications, owing to their
unique physicochemical dimensions such as good sensing ability, and excellent
mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. On the other hand, ZnO nanoma-
terials have attracted considerable interest in relation to sensors due to their many
advantages, including large surface-to-volume ratio, excellent biological compat-
ibility, high electron-transfer rates, non-toxicity and biosafety. h e development
of biosensors can potentially be an interesting application for the utilization of
these nanomaterials tremendously large surface-area-to-volume ratio, which is a
dominating and promising parameter with the potential to solve biocompatibility
and biofouling problems. h e present chapter describes recent examples in the
development of miniaturized amperometric and potentiometric biosensors by
integrating enzymes and one of these two nanomaterials. h e latest advances relat-
ing to the application of these biosensors to rapidly detect biomedically relevant
substrates such as glucose, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, etc., with enormous pros-
pects in clinical medicine applications are reviewed throughout. h e presented
biosensors exhibit good reproducibility, reusability, selectivity, rapid response
