Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
to macromolecules [87]. h e device presents both high selectivity and sen-
sitivity to Hg
2+
ion, even when other metal ions are present. h e detection
limit of the sensor was 10 pM and it demonstrated excellent performance
in real samples [88] .
Detection and quantii cation of Chromium has represented a great
challenge due to its dif erent oxidation states [88-89]. Cr (III) y Cr (VI)
are the most dangerous forms of chromium for the environment, while Cr
(VI) is the most toxic and carcinogenic, this makes relevant its precise and
exact quantii cation. h e World Health Organization (WHO) establishes
that the permit limit of this metal in underground waters is of 50 ppb GR/
gold nanoparticles nanocomposites have improved the specii c detection
of Cr (VI) [90].
In conclusion electrochemical sensors based on GR are excellent plat-
forms for the detection and quantii cation of heavy metals, allowing the
detection of very small concentrations (about 6ppt) [91], even below the
established concentrations by the WHO. h ese sensors have allowed the
Table 5.1
Summary of the data for dif erent coni gurations of Graphene-based
sensors for the determination of heavy metals.
Electrochemical
platform
Detection
technique
Sample
matrix
Metal
L.O.D
Ref
Cu
2+
Pb
2+
aryl diazonium salt/
GR nanosheets
1.5 nM
0.4nM
water
samples
SWASV
80
*Sn/poly(
p
-ABSA)/
GR/GCE
water
samples
Cd
2+
0.05 μgL
−1
SWASV
83
Zn
2+
,
Pb
2+
Cd
2+
0.19 μg L
−1
,
0.12 μg L
−1
0.09 μg L
-1
drinking
water
ERGO-PG-BiE
SWASV
84
water
samples
Hg
GR and aptamers
10pM
SWASV
88
ERGO= reduced graphene oxide; BiE bismuth-i lm
Sb: antimony;
*stannum i lm/poly(p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid)/grapheme
