Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
APPENDIX B
FLUID PROPERTIES
B.1 WATER
B.2 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FOUND
IN WATER
The properties given in Table B.1 are for pure water.
Pure water seldom exists in nature, and the actual density
of water can be significantly influenced by salinity, tem-
perature, and possibly other properties through an equa-
tion of state. The general dependence of water density
on temperature has been found to be approximately
parabolic, with a maximum density at 4°C. However, the
temperature corresponding to the maximum density of
water changes with increasing salinity, decreasing to
about 0°C for highly saline systems. To a first-order
approximation, density is linearly dependent on salinity
over much of the normal range of interest.
The properties of several organic compounds
commonly found in contaminated waters are given in
Table B.2. Substances with boiling points at or below
100°C are classified as
volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). The chemical properties given in Table B.2
are those most frequently used in the quantitative
analysis of the fate of organic contaminants in the
environment.
TABLE B.1. Properties of Water
Dynamic
Viscosity
(mPa·s)
Heat of
Vaporization
(MJ/kg)
Saturation
Vapor Pressure
(kPa)
Surface
Tension
(mN/m)
Bulk
Modulus
(10
6
kPa)
Temperature
(°C)
Density
(kg/m
3
)
0
999.8
1.781
2.499
0.611
75.6
2.02
5
1,000.0
1.518
2.487
0.872
74.9
2.06
10
999.7
1.307
2.476
1.227
74.2
2.10
15
999.1
1.139
2.464
1.704
73.5
2.14
20
998.2
1.002
2.452
2.337
72.8
2.18
25
997.0
0.890
2.440
3.167
72.0
2.22
30
995.7
0.798
2.428
4.243
71.2
2.25
40
992.2
0.653
2.405
7.378
69.6
2.28
50
988.0
0.547
2.381
12.340
67.9
2.29
60
983.2
0.466
2.356
19.926
66.2
2.28
70
977.8
0.404
2.332
31.169
64.4
2.25
80
971.8
0.354
2.307
47.367
62.6
2.20
90
965.3
0.315
2.282
70.113
60.8
2.14
100
958.4
0.282
2.256
101.325
58.9
2.07
Search WWH ::
Custom Search