Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 5.7.  Empirical Relationships between  K oc  and  K ow
Equation
Chemicals
Reference
log K oc = 1.00 log K ow − 0.21
10 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons
Karickhoff et al. (1979)
log K oc = 1.00 log K ow − 0.201
miscellaneous organics
Karickhoff et al. (1979)
log K oc = 0.544 log K ow + 1.377
45 Organics, mostly pesticides
Kenaga and Goring (1980)
log K oc = 1.029 log K ow − 0.18
13 Pesticides
Rao and Davidson (1980)
log K oc = 0.94 log K ow + 0.22
S-trizines and dinitroanalines
Rao and Davidson (1980)
5 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons
Karickhoff (1981)
log K oc = 0.989 log K ow − 0.346
log K oc = 0.937 log K ow − 0.006
Aromatics, polyaromatics, triazines
Brown and Flagg (1981)
log K oc = 1.00 log K ow − 0.317
DDT, tetrachlorobiphenyl, lindane, 2,4-D and
dichloropropane
mcCall et al. (1983)
log K oc = 0.72 log K ow + 0.49
methylated and chlorinated benzenes
Schwarzenbach and Westall (1981)
log K oc = 1.00 log K ow − 0.317
22 Polynuclear aromatics
Hassett et al. (1980)
Substituted phenylureas and alkyl-n-phenylcarbamates
Briggs (1973)
log K oc = 0.524 log K ow + 0.855
TABLE 5.8.  Values of  K ow  for Selected Organic Compounds
Compound
log K ow
Reference
Acetone
Schwarzenbach et al. (1993)
−0.24
Atrazine
2.56
Schwarzenbach et al. (1993)
Benzene
2.01-2.13 a
Hansch and Leo (1979), macKay (1991)
Carbon tetrachloride
2.64-2.83
Schnoor (1996), Hansch and Leo (1979),
Chou and Jurs (1979)
Chlorobenzene
2.49-2.84 a
Hansch and Leo (1979), macKay (1991)
Chloroform
1.95-1.97 a
Hansch and Leo (1979)
DDT
4.98-6.91
Hansch and Leo (1979), Schnoor (1996)
Dieldrin
5.48
Schwarzenbach et al. (1993)
Lindane
3.78
Schwarzenbach et al. (1993)
malathion
2.89
Schwarzenbach et al. (1993)
naphthalene
3.29-3.35 a
macKay (1991), Schnoor (1996)
n -Octane
5.18
Schwarzenbach et al. (1993)
Parathion
3.81
Schwarzenbach et al. (1993)
Phenol
1.46 a -1.49
Hansch and Leo (1979), macKay (1991)
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
4.09-8.23
Schwarzenbach et al. (1993)
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin
6.64
Schwarzenbach et al. (1993)
Toluene
2.69 a
macKay (1991)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
2.47 a -2.51
macKay (1991), Schnoor (1996)
Trichloroethylene (TCE)
2.29 a
macKay (1991)
p -Xylene
3.12-3.18
Schwarzenbach et al. (1993)
a At 25°C.
where ρ b is the bulk density of the solid matrix (mL −3 )
(= oven-dried mass of a soil sample divided by the
sample volume). Typical values of the bulk density of
several porous media are given in Table 5.9. Combining
Equations (5.44) and (5.48) leads to the following linear
relationship between the concentration of the sorbed
mass, c s , and the concentration of the dissolved mass, c aq :
The fate term, S m (mL −3 T −1 ), in the advection-
diffusion equation, Equation (5.17), is equal to the rate
at which tracer mass is added to the water in a unit
volume of water. In the case of sorption, the rate at
which tracer mass is added to the aqueous phase is
equal to the rate at which tracer mass is lost from the
solid phase. Therefore, the rate at which tracer mass is
added to the water per unit volume of water, S m , is
given by
c
= β
c
(5.49)
s
aq
where β is a dimensionless constant given by
c
1
c
t
β
s
aq
S
= −
= −
(5.51)
m
n
n
t
β ρ
=
K
(5.50)
b
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