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slit lamp examination). In addition to concept
classes, ontologies can specify
properties,
which
can be associated with concepts. To some extent,
the notion of a property in ontologies resembles
the notion of an attribute in object-oriented
specifications. In ontology languages such as OWL,
however, the specification of properties, their
semantics, domains, and ranges is significantly
more expressive. A notable difference is, for ex-
ample, that properties are defined independently
Figure 4. Portal domain ontology: Vision care (simplified)
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