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thousands of horizontally organized grids, requires updating regulatory frameworks to
enable seamless integration (Rifkin 2014 ) . One barrier to that revolution may be lack of
interoperability; the individual technologies and machines need to communicate with each
other, and they need to do so instantaneously. Geoff Brown, CEO of Machine-to-Machine
Intelligence Corporation, argues that, just as machine-to-machine communication and a
functional IoT are essential for successful grid modernization, smart grid is essential to
a functional IoT (Brown 2014 ). He suggests implementation of new messaging protocols
like the MQ Telemetry Transport as a means of assuring interoperability among the many
individual technologies, and points to NIST's recently released report on how to improve
the security of critical infrastructure as a positive sign that policy is catching up with
technology (National Institute of Standards and Technology 2014 ) .
Who controls the community energy system, microgrid, and nanogrid and who benefits
from these different systems remains context-specific. How these small-scale grid
technologies will evolve over time and if they allow for the creation of prosumers or
embed the wishes of the locavolt movement remains to be seen. The technical evolution of
small-scale energy systems will be supported or thwarted by the different regulatory and
policy contexts within which they are developed.
References
Asmus, P. (2008a) Here Come the “'Locavolts!”. www.peterasmus.com/journal/2008/7/20/
here-come-the-locavolts.html
Asmus, P. (2008b) Think Globally, Power up Locally. San Francisco Chronicle .
www.sfgate.com/green/article/Think-globally-power-up-locally-3269357.php
Asmus, P. and M. Lawrence. (2014) Nanogrids: Grid-Tied and Remote Commercial,
Residential, and Mobile Distribution Networks: Global Market Analysis and Forecasts .
Boulder, CO: Navigant Consulting, Inc.
Austin Energy. (2014) Austin Energy: More than Just Electricity . Austin, TX: Austin
Energy.
Bayless, C. E. (2010) The Case for Baseload. Electric Perspectives , September/October
2010, 72-83. www.mydigimag.rrd.com/publication/?i=47255
Beck, R. W. (2005) Preliminary Municipalization Feasibility Study. Boulder, CO.
www-static.bouldercolorado.gov/docs/
energy_future_2005_Preliminary_feasibility_study_from_RWBeck-1-201306061215.pdf
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