Analytical Evaluation of Learning Experiences on Problem-Solving Efficacy of Vietnamese College Students - Innovative Management in Information and Production - page 71

N = number of observation

number of independent variables or predictors
R 2 is a measure of the strength of association between the dependent and
independent variables and is identical with the correlation ration

g =

y

η

x .If Y denotes .

the dependent variable and the independent variable is coded as k − 1 orthogonal

variables, then:

R 2 r y 1 + r y 2 + ··· + r yk − 1 . = (6)

3 Results and Discussion

3.1 Vietnamese Students' Technical and Scientific Areas

in Their Problem-Solving Efficacy

For the first research question, formulas (3) and (4) are used to answer how
Vietnamese students' problem-solving efficacy in technical and scientific areas and
using the formula (5) to answer “Do students' technical and scientific areas differ in
their problem-solving efficacy?” As shown in Table 1 , Vietnamese college students'
average problem-solving efficacy ( M

55) was located within the
range of the response of “average”(point 3) to “high” (point 4) in the five-point
Likert's scale employed in the questionnaire.
For students at the three campuses of VNU-HCM, the results of Table 1 exhibited
that students at the University of Technology had the highest problem-solving
efficacy

= 3 . 41 , SD = 0 .

and students at the University of Information
Technology had the lowest problem-solving efficacy

( M = 3 . 51 , SD = 0 . 50 )

.
The results of post hoc comparisons showed that there existed significant differences
of problem-solving efficacy of students among the three universities ( F

( M = 3 . 06 , SD = 0 . 55 )

= 18 . 12 , p <

0 001). Post hoc comparisons indicated that students at the three universities can be

categorized into two groups: high level of problem-solving efficacy of students in
the Universities of Technology and low level of problem-solving efficacy of students
at the University of Information Technology and the University of Science. Within
the two groups, there was no significant difference of students' problem-solving
efficacy.

.

Tabl e 1 ANOVA, means and standard deviation results of college students' problem-
solving efficacy among three universities
VNU-HCM members MSDF Sig. Post hoc

Average of three universities 3.39 0.56

1. University of technology 3.51 0.50

( ) > ( , )

2. University of information technology 3.06 0.55 18.12 0.000 1 2 3

3. University of science 3.25 0.60