Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
3R su s
The correlation matrices for males and females for each variable are presented in
Tab les
1
and
2
, respectively. It can be seen that the variables exhibit moderate to
high correlations with each other except for GPA (Tables
1
and
2
). In addition, the
typical English/math disparity between males and females is present with males
scoring higher in the math content areas of algebra, geometry, and trigonometry,
and females scoring higher in the English areas of grammar and rhetorical skills.
Tab le
3
provides the effect sizes to examine the magnitude of differences between
the gender groups. The results also show that females outperformed males in the
English areas, and males outperformed females in the mathematics areas.
Because the multiple-group analysis in LISREL requires the use of covariance
matrices, all the analyses in the following part were based on the covariance matrices
instead of correlation matrices.
Tabl e 1
Correlation, mean, and standard deviation of five subtests and GPA for males
USE
RHET
ALG
CGEOM
TRG
GPA
Mean
SD
USE
1.000
10.088
3.554
RHET
0.792
1.000
10.539
2.927
ALG
0.655
0.662
1.000
11.357
3.473
CGEOM
0.616
0.611
0.771
1.000
10.670
2.966
TRG
0.697
0.606
0.756
0.717
1.000
10.950
3.014
GPA
0.501
0.494
0.555
0.527
0.514
1.000
3.148
0.631
USE—usage/mechanics, ALG—algebra
CGEOM—intermediate algebra/coordinate geometry, TRG—geometry/trigonometry
RHET—rhetorical skills, GPA—high school GPA
Tabl e 2
Correlation, mean, and standard deviation of five subtests and GPA for females
USE
RHET
ALG
CGEOM
TRG
GPA
Mean
SD
USE
1.000
10.689
3.562
RHET
0.798
1.000
10.795
2.931
ALG
0.661
0.659
1.000
10.749
3.245
CGEOM
0.591
0.587
0.732
1.000
10.175
2.759
TRG
0.594
0.593
0.721
0.667
1.000
10.157
2.932
GPA
0.513
0.507
0.550
0.510
0.501
1.000
3.297
0.570
Tabl e 3
Correlation, mean,
and standard deviation of five
subtests and GPA for females
English
Math
USE
RHET
ALG
CGEOM
TRG
GPA
ES*
0.17
0.09
−
0
.
18
−
0
.
17
−
0
.
26
0.25
∗
Effect size = (female-male)/pooled standard deviation.
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