Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Tabl e 1
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Countries' new green growth
programs
Country Year New green growth program
U.K. 2010 United Kingdom Green Investment Bank will be set up in 2012; early public
input for the 3 billion, aimed at financing for low-carbon projects.
KOR 2009 Korea national green growth plan: develop comprehensive policy framework
for green growth, green planning, and projects annual growth in GDP
target of 2 %. As a part of “green new deal,” the funds invest 50 trillion
won and strive to create 960,000 green jobs.
DEN 2009 The tomorrow agriculture in Denmark: a modern agriculture with high-level
protection of the environment, nature, and climate.
JPN 2011 Green innovation (Japan): aimed at creating 50 trillion said meta-resources
and environment-friendly technologies, as well as related to 1.4 million
new jobs.
NZL 2010 Green Senior Advisory Committee (New Zealand): a Joint Advisory
Committee composed of heads of the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of
Economic Development, and the Ministry of the Environment, seeking to
export innovation and SME-led green growth.
Source: “Towards a green growth—Summary of the decision makers,” OECD, 2011
4.1
The OECD Green Growth Strategy
The OECD green growth strategy focuses first on the maintenance and accumulation
of natural resources. The maintenance and accumulation of natural resources are
one of the bases and sources of national wealth creation; the importance and value
should be fully reflected in economic development and policy decision making.
The second area of focus includes reforms in fiscal and tax policy. Fiscal and tax
policy reform becomes important policy instruments for achieving harmonious de-
velopment between the economy and the environment; strengthening environmental
protection and promoting economic growth must be complementary twin goals.
The third area of focus in OECD green growth strategy encompasses technological
and nontechnological innovation. Technological and nontechnological innovation
as a means of promoting green growth and the transformation of measures and
the green economy, such as policies, mechanisms, and institutional innovation, are
indispensable (Table
1
).
4.2
Development of the Global Green Economy Initiative
The UNEP launched the global green economy initiative for a sustainable recovery
in the global economy and to create green jobs in the twenty-first century. Green
economic development is based on a combination of green investment and policy
and institutional reform. During the economic crisis, the “Global Green New
Deal” made by the UNEP received national recognition and response. During the
2008-2009 financial crisis, G20 countries invested in the financial plan to stimulate
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