Biorefineries using waste – production of energy and chemicals from biomasses by micro-organisms - Biomass as Energy Source: Resources, Systems and Applications - page 243

Figure 13.2. Production of 2,3-butanediol (23BD) isomers from food industry waste material. The
determination of 23BD was carried out as described earlier (Hakalehto et al. , 2008).
biogas with methane and hydrogen, and soil with substances for plant nutrition. This approach
could make all fractions of the wastes useful raw materials as well as promotes the circulation of
carbon and organicmaterials. Approximated productivities for 2,3-butanediol have been estimated
from the values presented in Figure 13.2 for food industry wastes.
13.7.5 Municipal waste and waste water utilization
The production of fuels or solvents and other chemicals or biogases from biomasses is called
bioconversion. It is noteworthy that the lignocellulosic wastes, for example, could be treated with
microbes prior to combustion, and thus their energy values could be enhanced. If the bioconversion