Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 11.3. Fatty acid methyl esters that are important in vegetable oil-derived biofuels (ME denotes methyl
ester).
Lipid
Chemical MW
cis
/trans
CAS
FAAE
number
formula
(g/ mol)
configuration number
Alternate names
methyl
laurate
C12:0
C
13
H
26
O
2
214.34
111-82-0
Lauric acid ME, methyl
dodecanoate
methyl
myristate
C14:0
C
15
H
28
O
2
242.4
124-10-7 myristic acid ME, methyl
tetradecanoate
methyl
palmitate
C16:0
C
17
H
34
O
2
270.45
112-39-0
palmitic acid ME, methyl
hexadecanoate
methyl
palmitoleate
C16:1
C
17
H
32
O
2
268.43
cis
1120-25-8 palmitoleic acid ME, methyl
cis-9-hexadecenoate
methyl
stearate
C18:0
C
19
H
38
O
2
298.5
112-61-8
stearic acid ME, methyl
octadecanoate
methyl
oleate
C18:1
C
19
H
36
O
2
296.49
cis
112-62-9
oleic acid ME, methyl
cis-9-octadecenoate
methyl
elaidate
C18:1
C
19
H
36
O
2
296.49
trans
1937-62-8 elaidaic acid ME, methyl
trans-9-octadecenoate
methyl
ricinoleate
C18:1
C
19
H
36
O
3
312.49
cis
141-24-2
ricinoleic acid ME, methyl
12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoate
methyl
linoleate
C18:2
C
19
H
34
O
2
294.47
cis
112-63-0
linoleic acid ME, methyl
cis-9-cis-12-octadeca-dienoate
methyl
linoelaidate
C18:2
C
19
H
34
O
2
294.47
trans
2566-97-4 linolelaidic acid ME, methyl
9-trans-12-trans-octadecadie-
noate
methyl
linolenate
C18:3
C
19
H
32
O
2
292.46
cis
301-00-8
linolenic acid ME, methyl
all-cis-9,12,15-
octadecatrienoate
methyl
arachidate
C20:0
C
21
H
42
O
2
326.56
1120-28-1 eicosanoic acid ME, methyl
eicosanoate
methyl
gadoleate
C20:1
C
21
H
40
O
2
324.54
cis
2390-09-2 cis-11-eicosanoic acid ME,
methyl cis-11-eicosanoate
methyl
behenate
C22:0
C
23
H
46
O
2
354.61
cis
929-77-1
behenic acid ME, methyl
docosanoate
methyl
erucate
C22:1
C
23
H
44
O
2
352.09
cis
1120-34-9 eruric acid ME, methyl
cis-13-docosenoate
not the carbon number. An examination of thermophysical properties as a function of carbon
number and level of saturation (Fig. 11.9) can illuminate a number of other trends. In Figure
11.9a, the kinematic viscosity at 40
◦
C clearly shows that viscosity increases with carbon number.
It also decreases with increasing unsaturation; monounsaturated methyl palmitoleate (C16:1) is
less viscous than the saturated methyl palmitate (C16:0). For the
cis
-type unsaturated compounds
at C18, the viscosity reduces as saturation decreases. On the other hand, the viscosity of methyl
elaidate (C18:1
trans
) and methyl stearate (C18:0) are indistinguishable on this figure just below
6mm
2
/s. The viscosity of methyl linoelaidate (C18:2
trans
, open circle at 5.33mm
2
/s) is sub-
stantially higher than methyl linoleate (C18:2
cis
, 3.65mm
2
/s). This provides evidence that the
beneficial reduction of viscosity offered by
cis
-type unsaturated compounds may not exist for
trans
-type isomers.
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