Organic waste as a biomass resource - Biomass as Energy Source: Resources, Systems and Applications - page 125

Figure 6.13. Glowing bio-coal under flaring test conditions.

1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70

0.60

0.50

1h
3h
6h
21h

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

Figure 6.14. GCMS analysis of process waters from different HTC batch processes (Pfingstmann, 2011;
Müller, person. commun. 2011).

6.5.3 Pyrolysis and gasification of organic waste
Pyrolysis and gasification have been used for waste treatment but the technology is still in the
development stage. Pyrolysis is the direct thermal decomposition, or degassing, of an organic
matrix in the absence of oxygen producing an array of solid, liquid and gas products. The compo-
sition, characteristics and yield of the different pyrolysis products are dependent on the feedstock
used and process parameters such as temperature, residence time and heating rate. High temper-
ature, low heating rate and long gas residence time give a high yield of gas products. (Bridgwater