Organic waste as a biomass resource - Biomass as Energy Source: Resources, Systems and Applications - page 123

Mass balances in the products compared to dried substrate

100%

1.71%

16.73%

90%

18.10%

80%

18.58%

70%

60%

gas + total loss

50%

100.00%

liquid

40% 80.19%

64.69%

30% solid

20%

10%

0%

Substrate Paper-Coal (200 ° C Paper-Coal (220 ° C)

Substrates

Figure 6.9. Results of mass balances, substrate and products (Krüger, 2011).

Figure 6.10. Results of three heating value analysis, substrate and products (Krüger, 2011).

With respect to technological implementation of HTC, also the by-products have a strongmatter
of interest.
An important by-product from the HTC process is the process water. Several utilizations are
imaginable, such as biogas production in high load fixed bed digesters or separation into individu-
ally utilizable fractions via continuous distillation (so-called fractioned rectification). Concerning
development of such utilization strategies knowledge about the process water composition is abso-
lutely required. Figure 6.14 shows quantitativeGCMS analysis results of process waters fromHTC
batch processes being operated for 1, 3, 6 and 21 hours with the same substrate. The values were
standardized to the highest value being measured for each single compound.