Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6.5. The range of lower heating values for some organic waste fuels (EUBIA, 2011; European
Commission, 2006).
Bulky waste
Packaging
Sewage
MSW
(furniture, etc.)
RDF
waste
Straw
sludge
Lower
6-15
10-17
11-26
17-25
14
0.5-2.5
heating
value
[MJ/kg]
Table 6.6. Some examples of existing waste combustion plants (Buchhorn, 2010; Hinge, 2009; Johansson
et al.
, 2009; Weiler and Grotefeld, 2010).
Capacity
Plant
Steam data
thermal
Capacity waste
Efficiency
[
◦
C/bar]
[10
3
kg/year]
(year built)
Technique
[MW]
[%]
Borås Energi
Fluidized
405/49
20
100000
89
och miljö,
bed
(20-30% household
Sweden
waste, 70-80%
(2004)
industrial waste)
Renova,
Grate
400/40
45
500000
89
Gothenburg,
furnaces
(50/50 household
Sweden
and industrial
(1994 and
waste)
2001)
Gevudo,
Grate
400/40
75
396000
?
Nordrecht,
furnaces
(municipal solid
Netherlands
waste)
(1972, 1997
and 2010)
Bernburg,
Furnaces
410/42
?
552000
?
Germany
(RDF)
(2009)
Vattenfall,
Grate
540/110
(35MW
el
150000
El. 33
Fynsverket,
furnace
86MW
heat
(straw)
Denmark
(including 11MW
(2009)
flue gas
condensing)
90% of the installations in Europe for combustion of MSW had grate furnaces in 2006 (European
Commission, 2006) and in 2010, 70% of the installations in Germany for MSW and RFD used
this technique (Fendel and Firege, 2010).
Fluidized beds have a limitation in that the fuel particles cannot be too large. Another problem
for some types of waste, for example straw, can be that the bed particles in the fluidized bed
stick together due to low ash melting point. However, developments are going on to optimize the
conditions in fluidized beds to make it possible to use these types of wastes also. For straw, grate
furnaces are recommended since it has a low ash melting point and it can cause the bed particles
in a fluidized bed to stick together (Chunjiang
et al.
, 2011; Hinge, 2009). In Table 6.6, some
examples on combustion plants using waste as fuel are given.
Search WWH ::
Custom Search