Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Nanomedical global sales
50
40
30
20
10
0
2011
2016
Nanomedicinal products
FIGURE 3.3
Nanomedical global sales by therapeutics area, 2011 and 2016 ($billions). (Data adapted from
www.bccresearch.com.)
2011 and, by 2016, that value should reach $14.8 billion, at a CAGR of 9.7%. The CNS products
segment was valued at $14 billion in 2011 and, by 2016, that value should reach $29.5 billion, at a
CAGR of 16.1%. The largest segment, comprised of anticancers, was worth $28 billion in 2011, and
after increasing at a CAGR of 10.8%, should be worth $46.7 billion in 2016. The segment made up
of other applications was worth $10.2 billion in 2011, and, in 2016, should be worth $16.5 billion, a
CAGR of 10.1% (Figure 3.3).
Nanomedicine has a widely established market, where a large number of nanomedicine prod-
ucts has made a significant contribution to the healthcare system. In the field of nanomedicine
research, the United States accounts for one-third of all publications and half of patent filings.
A comparison between Europe as a whole and the United States shows that, while Europe is at the
forefront of research, the United States leads in the number of patent filings. The strong patenting
activity of U.S. scientists and companies indicates a more advanced commercialization status than
elsewhere.
3.2.2 N
aNoMedIcINe
: M
arketed
p
roducts
There are a number of nano-delivery products already marketed globally, like polymeric nanopar-
ticles, liposomes, PEGylated liposomes, nanocrystals, micellar nanoparticles, solid-lipid nanopar-
ticles, virosomes, and the like for various diseases such as cancer chemotherapy, bacterial and
fungal infections, osteoarthritis, renal diseases, multiple sclerosis, enzyme replacement therapy, and
hepatitis B. Forty-four marketed nano-delivery products are mentioned in Table 3.2.
Table 3.3 shows various marketed nanoparticle products used for the
in vivo
imaging of liver
tumors and abdominal structures;
in vitro
diagnostics in the diagnosis of pregnancy, ovulation, and
HIV; and for immunodiagnostics and biomaterials for dental and bone defects and others.
3.3 NANOSYSTEMS: DIFFERENT TYPES AND APPLICATIONS
Nanoparticles are divided into a number of classes based on their size, important characteristics,
and applications. First, there are nanoclusters that are defined as semi-crystalline nanostructures
with at least one dimension between 1 and 10 nm and a narrow size distribution. Then, there are
the nanopowders, “an agglomeration of noncrystalline nanostructural subunits with at least one
dimension less than 100 nm.” There are also nanocrystals, single crystalline nanomaterials with
at least one dimension less than 100 nm. Some other types of nanoparticles are mentioned (brief
description) in Table 3.4.
