Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
3
Physicochemical
Characterization-Dependent
Toxicity of Nanoparticles
Jigar N. Shah, Ankur P. Shah, Hiral J. Shah,
and Vijaykumar B. Sutariya
CONTENTS
3.1 Nanotechnology: Introduction ................................................................................................ 73
3.1.1 Advantages of Nanosystems ....................................................................................... 75
3.1.2 Limitations of Nanosystems ....................................................................................... 76
3.2 Nanoparticles: Importance in Today's Era ............................................................................. 76
3.2.1 Nanomedicine: Global Scenario ................................................................................. 77
3.2.2 Nanomedicine: Marketed Products ............................................................................ 78
3.3 Nanosystems: Different Types and Applications .................................................................... 78
3.4 Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characteristics (Properties) and Their
Multidimensional Issues ......................................................................................................... 80
3.5 Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characterization-Dependent Toxicity ................................ 84
3.5.1 Structural Properties-Dependent Toxicity .................................................................. 86
3.5.1.1 Particle Shape and Aspect Ratio .................................................................. 86
3.5.1.2 Structural Arrangement (Crystalline Form) ................................................ 86
3.5.1.3 Surface Chemistry and Charge .................................................................... 87
3.5.2 Dose-Dependent Toxicity ........................................................................................... 87
3.5.3 Concentration and Drug-Loading-Dependent Toxicity ............................................. 87
3.5.4 Size, Size Distribution and Surface Area-Dependent Toxicity .................................. 88
3.5.5 Material Composition-Dependent Toxicity ................................................................ 91
3.5.6 Bio-Persistence-Dependent Toxicity ........................................................................... 91
3.5.7 Cellular Uptake and Binding-Dependent Toxicity ..................................................... 94
3.5.8 Surface Coatings-Dependent Nanotoxicity ................................................................ 95
3.6 Nanoparticles Toxicity Comparison Studies .......................................................................... 95
3.7 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 95
3.8 Future Perspectives ................................................................................................................. 96
References ........................................................................................................................................ 97
3.1 NANOTECHNOLOGY: INTRODUCTION
Nanotechnology is a multidomain system that includes a vast and diverse array of devices from
engineering, physics, chemistry, and biology. The growing field of nanotechnology, along with rapid
advances in science and technology, is undergoing an explosive advancement and has opened up
new opportunities for further development of medical science by identifying new and effective
medical treatments for human health care. The combination of scientific and engineering principles
is involved in the design, synthesis, development, characterization, and application of materials
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