Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
proteins, thanks to a steric effect. We are still at the very beginning of understanding how
polysaccharides can be used to tune nanoparticle properties to modulate protein adsorption in
a perfectly controlled manner. Nevertheless, it already seems that polysaccharides occurring in
various natures can offer much wider possibilities to finely tune interactions between proteins
and nanoparticles and, in turn, provide a wider range of possibilities to control the
in vivo
fate of
drug carriers other than PEG. Another very exciting perspective can emerge from the elucida-
tion of the glyco-code that may provide keys to the design of nanoparticles having very defined
interactions with proteins and, in turn, to obtain better controlled physiological responses and,
ina lly,
in vivo
distributions.
18.4 CONCLUSION
Nanoparticles with a wide range of surface properties can be designed by choosing polysaccha-
rides to create a hydrophilic corona on their surface. This modification strategy of surface prop-
erties greatly influences the amount and types of proteins that can adsorb onto the nanoparticle
surface and the capacity of the nanoparticles to trigger the activation of the complement sys-
tem. Interestingly, controlling the interactions of proteins with the nanoparticle surface can be
achieved through different mechanisms by choosing the nature of the polysaccharide composing
the nanoparticle corona and designing the structure of the nanoparticle corona. More investments
are needed on systematic and fundamental works to explore the approach's full potential and to
better understand how we can use polysaccharides to finely tune the interactions of proteins with
nanoparticles. This will constitute a first step to the understanding of the physiological response
and, in turn, the biodistribution after IV administration. The wide range of surface characteris-
tics that can be generated in a controlled manner may also be an opportunity for having access
to model nanoparticles that could be used to investigate sites of accumulation of nanomaterials
depending on the profile of adsorbed proteins and interactions with the immune system. This
would deserve a rationalization of the approaches developed to design more efficient drug carriers
and the understanding of potential nanomaterial toxicological profiles from their interactions with
proteins.
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