Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 9.1
Toxicological Effects of Some Widely Used Nanoparticles
Health Effects
Type of NP
In Vitro
In Vivo
Quantum dots
Inflammatory response
Oxidative stress [197-203]
Genotoxicity [204]
Transfer across the placental barrier
Negative impact on mouse oocyte development
Skin penetration post-UV irradiation [205-208]
Gold NPs
Mitochondrial damage
Oxidative stress
Autophagy [209-212]
Change of secondary structures of the proteins [213]
Strong photothermal effect upon x-ray irradiation
facilitating cell death [214]
Adverse effect on human sperm motility;
penetration into sperm head and tail effecting
motility [215-217]
Increase in white blood cells count [218]
Silver NPs
Generation of ROS, genotoxicity, and apoptosis
Intracellular calcium transients
JNK activation [219-225]
Strong antibacterial properties against Gram-negative
and Gram-positive bacteria [226]
Generation of ROS, genotoxicity, and apoptosis
Blood-brain barrier disruption
Neuronal degeneration and brain edema
[227-229]
Adverse effects on embryonic development
Lysosomal destabilization [230-235]
Anti-inflammatory effect in mouse macrophages
infected with
Chlamydia trachomatis
[236]
Antimicrobial effect [237]
SWCNT
Impair human macrophage engulfment of apoptotic
cell corpses
Fibrogenic effects in lung cells
Suppress inflammatory mediator responses in human
lung epithelium
Disrupt actin filament integrity and VE-cadherin
distribution in human aortic endothelial cells
Activate MAPKs, AP-1, NFκB, and Akt in normal
and malignant human mesothelial cells
Oxidative stress
Inflammation,
Apoptosis
Induction of micronuclei and double-strand breaks of
DNA [238-245]
Inactivation of microflora of river and waste waters
[246]
Lung inflammation and genotoxicity
Increased levels of 8-oxo-dG in liver and lung
Activate platelets and accelerate thrombus
formation in the microcirculation
Allergic response [247-250]
Improvement of viability of human stem cells
ex vivo
[251]
Multiwalled
carbon
nanotubes
(MWCNTs)
Generation of ROS, genotoxicity, and apoptosis
Disruption of actin filaments and VE-cadherin
distribution in human aortic endothelial cells
[238,252-255]
Antibacterial effect
Biocompatibility and support of neural growth and
long-term survival of hippocampal neurons [256]
Suppression of IL-27 in Th17 cells [257]
Genotoxicity
Pulmonary toxicity
Asbestos-like, length-dependent, toxicity [258]
Inflammation, granuloma, and fibrosis in lungs
Apoptosis of alveolar macrophages
Allergic response in mice
Suppression of systemic immune function
Hepatocyte mitochondrial swelling
[239,247,259-268]
Metal oxide
NPs
Inflammatory response
Generation of ROS, genotoxicity, and apoptosis
Membrane disruption
Inhibition of osteogenic differentiation
Disruption of hippocampal neurons
Antibacterial effect [269-285]
