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or more of non-adjacent layers. A combination of the adjacent layer can be merged as
show in Figure 2D This paper uses the upward information flow between the network
layer and lower layer for the energy information. The energy parameter has been used
in route discovery and will be described in the next section.
3
Propose Energy Weigh - AODV Protocol
The routing protocol for WSNs should be low complexity and use less resource.
AODV is routing protocol designed for MANETs. AODV is reactive protocol, it has
lower routing overhead than proactive protocol. Thus AODV suitable for WSNs.
Although AODV has low routing overhead, the route discovery is still wasted a large
amount of energy due to its control message. So that, the routing protocol is designed
to minimize the broadcasting overhead [6]. In WSNs, energy is the most importance.
Unfortunately, AODV has no energy parameters. Cross layer design technique can
allow the higher layer to access the data from the lower layer. In this research AODV
routing protocol can access the energy parameter from the lower layer as show in
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Cross Layer to access energy parameter
The modified AODV protocol is called Energy Weight- AODV (EW-AODV). In
original AODV, when a source node sends the information to a destination node, it
has will broadcast Route Request (RREQ) to neighbor nodes. When the destination
node receives multiple RREQs. AODV will compare and choose RREQ with higher
sequence number or less hop count to send RREP. However EW-AODV adds the
energy field in RREQ as can be seen in Fig. 4.
The energy field in RREQ will show the remaining energy of each node in the path
using our algorithm RREQ Energy use for get lower current energy node in path with
RREQ passes to Destination. It have algorithm to add RREQ Energy value to RREQ
as show in Fig. 5.
