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O
O
HO
HO
H 2 N
NH 2
OH
OH
2.
+
H 2 N
NH 2
O
O
O
O
N
N
N
n
N
Different ladder polyquinoxalines were prepared as well. One example is shown below [ 233 ]:
O
O
+ H 2 N
H 2 N
NH 2
NH 2
O
O
N
N
N
N
n
Some ladder polyquinoxalines were found to be stable in air at 460 C and in nitrogen up to 683 C.
Not all attempts at formations of ladder polymers yielded completely cyclized fused ring
structures. For instance, an attempt to form a polymer from tetraaminonaphthalene with naphthalene
tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride failed to yield complete cyclizations [ 222 ].
An interesting polymer containing macrocyclic rings was formed from pyromellitic tetranitrile by
condensation with dianilino ether [ 223 ]:
NC
NC
CN
CN
+ H 2 N
O
NH 2
 
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