Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 8
Nanostructures and Specific Properties
This chapter gives an overview of the importance of nanostructures,
including nanocrystals and nanoporosity, in relation to specific
properties achievable. The properties dealt with in this chapter
comprise bioactivity, anti-bacterial properties, microleakage,
haemocompatibility, and controlled drug delivery.
8.1
Nanostructures, Including Phases and
Porosity for Specific Properties
Ca-aluminate cements and to some extent also Ca-silicate cements
exhibit inherent properties not so often considered in spite of
their importance in high-strength cement materials, anti-bacterial
biomaterials, and bioactive materials. The specific interesting
combination of properties for Ca-aluminate and Ca-silicate systems
is the simultaneous appearing of bioactivity and bacteriostatic and
anti-bacterials properties, as well as reduced microleakage. Other
properties related to the nanostructure are the possibility to obtain
translucent materials. Finally, nanoporosity with nanochannels
below 5 nm, often in the range of 1-3 nm, can be used for controlled
slow release of medicaments. The nanochannels surrounding all
formed nanosize hydrates will also contribute to pressure relief. The
observed haemacompatibility of the Ca-aluminate hydrated system
will also be discussed.
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