Test Methods with Special Reference to Nanostructural Chemically Bonded Bioceramics - Nanostructural Bioceramics: Advances in Chemically Bonded Ceramics - page 37

at temperatures according to established standards, often room
temperature, compared to those at body conditions. The temperature
may affect phases formed and, furthermore, the working, setting, and
curing times. Other crucial test methods relate to the geometrical
stability of the in situ-, in vivo-formed CBBCs and how mechanical
properties are measured.

Table 5.1 Guidelines of dimensional test evaluation for selection

of correct conditions to ensure right geometry change
measurement/stability

Test situation Variation Results Comments

Temperature Different

temperatures

Different phases
probably

Use body
temperature.

Geometry Different sizes Depending on

position and
environment; the
contribution from
the environment
higher for small
test pieces

Use larger test
samples.

Position Free or restricted

testing

Often higher
measured
expansion for
free situation due
to precipitation
from the
surrounding
liquid

Use different
sizes.

Environment Water, test liquids,

body liquid

Different
precipitated
phases probably

Surface
analyses are
necessary.

Test methods Free linear

expansion (laser
or micrometer),
optical iso-
chromatic rings,
split-pin method

Geometrical
change, pressure
obtained, indirect
geometrical
change

A combination
of methods is
often required
to ensure
the right
understanding.