Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The amount of drug released in a specific case is controlled by
the amount of the drug in the carrier and how the carrier material is
designed. Using a mixed powder cement and an inert phase opens up
for the use of combined drugs, for example, for rapid release based
on the inert phase, medium release based on partially hydrated
phases, and slow release based on fully hydrated cement phases. Test
materials have been used with loading of the drugs in the interval of
1-10 mg/100 mg carrier material. Figure 11.2 shows schematically
release rates using corresponding selected pore structures of the
carrier material. The material types C, B, and A from Fig. 11.2 were
used.
Amount released (mg drug/100 mg carrier material)
10
Type A:
Fully hydrated
5 Type B:
Partially hydrated
Type C:
Inert, sintered ceramic
6 12 18 24
Time (hrs)
Figure 11.2
Schematic release of drugs using different pore structures.
11.2.3.4
Pharmaceutical compositions
The composition can be in the form of a solid or a suspension for
different kinds of intake from oral intake to percutaneous injection.
The medicament can be of any kind. Preferable medicaments
are those chosen from cancer/tumour treatment, vascular
treatment, bone restoration, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory
agents, pain relief drugs, anti-phlogistics, anti-fungal agents, anti-
virus agents, analgesics, anti-convulsants, bronchodilators, anti-
depressants, auto-immune disorder and immunological disease
agents, hormonal agents, transforming growth factor beta (TGB-β),
morphogenetic protein, trypsin inhibitor, osteocalcine, calcium-
binding proteins (bone morphogenetic protein [BMP]), growth
factors, bis-phosphonates, vitamins, hyperlipidaemia agents,
sympathetic nervous stimulants, oral diabetes therapeutic drugs,
oral carcinostatics, contrast materials, radio-pharmaceuticals,
peptides, enzymes, vaccines and mineral trace elements, or other
specific anti-disease agents.
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