Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Dengue Fever
This mosquito-borne disease is increasingly problematic throughout Southeast
Asia, especially in the cities. As there is no vaccine it can only be prevented by
avoiding mosquito bites. The mosquito that carries dengue is a daytime biter, so
use insect-avoidance measures at all times. Symptoms include high fever, severe
headache (especially behind the eyes), nausea and body aches (dengue was previ-
ously known as 'breakbone fever'). Some people develop a rash (which can be very
itchy) and experience diarrhoea. The southern islands of Thailand are particularly
high-risk areas. There is no specific treatment, just rest and paracetamol - do not
take aspirin or ibuprofen as they increase the risk of haemorrhaging. See a doctor
to be diagnosed and monitored.
HIV
HIV is now one of the most common causes of death in people under the age of 50
in Thailand. Always practice safe sex, avoid getting tattoos or using unclean syr-
inges.
Malaria
There is an enormous amount of misinformation concerning malaria. Malaria is
caused by a parasite transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. The most im-
portant symptom of malaria is fever, but general symptoms such as headache,
diarrhoea, cough or chills may also occur - the same symptoms as many other in-
fections. A diagnosis can only be made by taking a blood sample.
Most parts of Thailand visited by tourists, particularly city and resort areas, have
minimal to no risk of malaria, and the risk of side effects from taking antimalarial
tablets is likely to outweigh the risk of getting the disease itself. If you are travelling
to high-risk rural areas (unlikely for most visitors), seek medical advice on the right
medication and dosage for you.
Travellers are advised to prevent mosquito bites by taking these steps:
•
» use a DEET-containing insect repellent on exposed skin; natural repellents such
as citronella can be effective, but must be repeatedly applied
•
» sleep under a mosquito net, ideally impregnated with Permethrin
•
» choose accommodation with screens and fans
