Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Flow rates
Low (0 and up)
Radioactive tracer log
Low to medium (10-1,900 B/D)
Packer or diverter fl owmeter
Medium to high (50-5,000 B/D)
Full-bore fl owmeter
High (3,000 B/D and up)
Continuous fl owmeter
Fluid type
Oil/water
Gradiomanometer
Oil/gas
Gradiomanometer or
densimeter/vibrator
Gas/water
Densimeter/vibrator or
gamma-gamma log
Formation content
High-salinity water
Pulsed neutron log
Low-salinity water
Carbon/oxygen log
General
Elemental concentration log
Spectral gamma ray
Resistivity through casing
Casing/tubing inspection
Electromagnetic thickness tool
Flux-leakage-type tool
Multi-fi ngered caliper
Ultrasonic imaging
Optical imaging
Cement/channeling
Cement bond log
Radial differential thermometer
Temperature log
Noise log
Radioactive tracer log
Conveyance Methods
The conveyance of a production logging tool string to the required depth in a well can
present challenges when the well is not vertical. Where the well is deviated from the
vertical problems can arise since the tool string (lowered on a conductive wireline)
may not slide down the well path past a certain angle of deviation. More challenging
yet is the task of conveying the production logging tools to the end of a horizontal
well. To overcome these diffi culties the logging industry has evolved a number of
conveyance mechanisms that strive to overcome such mechanical diffi culties.
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