Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 12.26
Pressure vs.
expansion for common
casings. Reprinted with
permission of the SPE from
Carter and Evans. ©1964
.1
.08
.06
.04
.02
.01
.008
.006
.004
10
.002
KEY
1. 2 7/8
9
.001
8
″
- 6.4#
.0008
7
2. 5 1/2
″
- 23.0#
.0006
6
3. 4 1/2
″
- 11.6#
4. 5 1/2
″
- 17.0#
4
5
.0004
5. 7
- 29.0#
6. 5 1/2
″
3
″
- 14.0#
2
7. 7
- 23.0#
8. 8 5/8
″
″
- 36.0#
.0002
1
9. 8 5/8
″
- 32.0#
10. 10 3/4
″
- 45.5#
.0001
10,000
4,000 2,000 1,000
INTERNAL PRESSURE-PSI
400
200
100
Radial Differential Temperature Logging
In Chap.
8
the use of the Radial Differential Temperature survey for the detection of
fl uid fl ow behind pipe via channels in the cement was covered. Anchor springs hold
the tool in the casing and a rotation motor is actuated to cause the sensor to scan
round the casing through 360°. This directional temperature sensor detects tempera-
ture fl uctuations if a channel with fl uid fl owing in it is present. For further details the
reader is directed to the complete coverage in the cited chapter.
Ultrasonic Cement Bond Logging
Ultrasonic borehole imaging tools are widely used to produce images of the bore-
hole wall in open-hole logging applications. These images are useful for providing
the analyst with textural, structural, and sedimentary information about the column
logged as well as offering geomechanical data regarding the presence and orienta-
tion of fractures and/or breakouts. The tools used to produce these images consist of
a rotating emitter of ultrasonic waves that travel though the fl uid in the borehole and
are refl ected back from the borehole wall. The time taken to travel from the emitter
back to a receiver is an indication of the borehole diameter and the amplitude of the
returning signal and indication of the material found at the refl ecting interface.
Search WWH ::
Custom Search