Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
10
Interpretation
Holdup Equations
The basics of biphasic flow have been covered in Chap. 4 . In this chapter, the
practical applications of the holdup equation will be covered. The purpose is to
equip the analyst with a practical tool with which to analyze a combination of a
flowmeter log and a holdup log (whether this be from a gradiomanometer or other
tool). The methods described will allow the analyst to calculate the flow rate for
each phase of a biphasic mixture at each point in the well and hence to deduce the
production of each phase from each perforated interval. This is an essential step in
quantitative analysis without which remedial action cannot be planned properly.
Figure 10.1 depicts the simultaneous flow of two phases in a vertical pipe. One
phase is referred to as the heavy phase and the other as the light phase. Depending
on the mixture these may be:
Mixture
Light phase
Heavy phase
Oil and water
Oil
Water
Oil and gas
Gas
Oil
Gas and water
Gas
Water
The holdup equation states that the density of a flowing biphasic mixture is given by:
=´+ (
)
r
y
r
1-
y
r
mh
h
h
l
where:
ρ m is the density of the mixture
ρ h is the density of the heavy phase
ρ l is the density of the light phase
 
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