Interactions Between Searching Predators and Hidden Prey - Search Theory: A Game Theoretic Perspective - page 221

Chapter 15
Interactions Between Searching Predators
andHiddenPrey
Mark Broom
Abstract Predator-prey interactions are among the most fundamental in nature.
In this chapter we look at some existing models of the interaction between preda-
tors and prey, where prey and/or predators have important strategic choices to make.
Firstly we consider situations where both predator and prey are aware of each other,
and the predator is approaching the prey. When should the prey flee? Then we
consider a moving predator which is unaware of a hidden prey individual. Should
the prey stay where it is, or should it flee, and if so when? Finally we consider a
new model of a stationary predator searching for a hidden prey (which may not be
present), where both prey and predator have important decisions to make. Should
the prey flee, and if so when? How long should the predator search before giving
up, and moving elsewhere?
15.1 Introduction
Avoiding predation is a central component of the lives of the majority of animals.
Depending upon the type of prey and predator, there are a number of potential
methods that can be used by the prey to avoid predators. These include physical
defences such as spines or toxins, and such individuals may be able to fight off or
deter a predator attack. Often, as in the cases we shall consider, predators are over-
whelmingly stronger than their prey, and there are two main defences, to run or
to hide.
Consider a prey that has just discovered a predator. Sometimes the optimal
strategy can be to flee immediately, for instance if a ground feeding bird is being