Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
sure but the numbers of people potentially exposed is likely to increase dramati-
cally as the number of products increases.
Proper assessment and management of the risks associated with exposure to
nanoparticles requires good understanding of the toxicological hazards associated
with these materials and of the levels of exposure, expressed in an appropriate
metric, which are likely to occur. Given the substantial gaps in the exposure infor-
mation available, it is diffi cult to see how these risk assessments can be adequate
at this time.
8.6
References
Aitken , R. J. , K. S. Creely and C. L. Tran ( 2004 ) Nanoparticles: An Occupational Hygiene
Review , Health and Safety Executive, Sudbury, UK.
Aitken , R. J. , M. Chaudhry , A. Boxall and M. Hull ( 2006 ) Manufacture and use of
nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends. Occupational Medicine , 56 ,
300 - 6 .
ACGIH ( 1993 ) Threshold limit values of chemical substances and physical agents , American
Conference of Governmental Occupational Hygienists , Cincinatti, Ohio .
Boxall , A. , Q. Chaudhry , C. Sinclair , et al. ( 2007 ) Current and future predicted environmental
exposure to engineered nanoparticles , Central Science Laboratory , Sand Hutton, York .
Brouwer , D. H. , J. H. Gijsbers , and M. W. Lurvink ( 2004 ) Personal exposure to ultrafi ne
particles in the workplace: exploring sampling techniques and strategies. The Annals of
Occupational Hygiene , 48 , 439 - 53 .
Brouwer , D. H. , R. J. Aitken , R. Oppl and J. W. Cherrie ( 2005 ) Concepts of skin protection:
considerations for the evaluation and terminology of the performance of skin protective
equipment, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene , 2 , ( 9 ), 425 - 34 .
Brown , R. J. ( 1993 ) Air fi ltration: an integrated approach to the theory and applications of
fi brous fi lters , Pergamon Press , Oxford .
BSI ( 2007a ) PAS 136:2007 Terminology for nanomaterials , British Standards Institution
(BSI).
BSI ( 2007b ) PD 6699 - 2:2007 Nanotechnologies - part 2: guide to safe handling and disposal
of manufactured nanomaterials , British Standards Institution (BSI).
CEN ( 1993 ) Workplace atmospheres: size fraction defi nitions for measurement of airborne
particles in the workplace , CEN standard EN 481, CEN, Brussels, Belgium.
CEN ( 2000 ) EN 141:2000 - Respiratory protective devices. Gas fi lters and combined
fi lters. Requirements, testing, marking Respiratory protective devices , British Standards
Institution.
CEN ( 2001 ) EN 149:2001 - Respiratory protective devices. Filtering half masks to protect
against particles. Requirements, testing, marking , British Standards Institution .
CEN ( 2006 ) EN 15051 Workplace atmospheres - Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materi-
als - Requirements and reference test methods , British Standards Institution .
Chaudhry , Q. , M. Scotter , J. Blackburn , et al. (2008) Applications and implications of nano-
technologies for the food sector, Food additives and contaminants , 25 ( 3 ), 241 - 58 .
Davies , C. N. ( 1966 ) Aerosol Science , Academic Press , Oxford .
Donaldson K. , R. Aitken, L. Tran , et al. (2006) Carbon nanotubes: a review of their properties
in relation to pulmonary toxicology and workplace safety. Toxicol Sci. , 92 ( 1 ), 5 - 22 .
European Commission (2004) Nanotechnologies: A preliminary risk analysis on the basis of
a workshop organized in Brussels on 1-2 March 2004 by the health and consumer protec-
tion directorate general of the European commission.
DOE ( 1998 ) HEPA fi lter test program (DOE-STD-3022-98), US Department of Commerce,
Technology Administration, Springfi eld.
Search WWH ::




Custom Search