Analysis and Characterization of Manufactured Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environments - Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Nanotechnology - page 212

Method Size (nm) PSD capability A Shape B

capability

Agglomeration
state capability C

Concentr.
range D

AFM ppb - ppm

BET powder

Centrifugation det. dep.

Dialysis det. Dep.

DLS ppm

Electrophor. ppm

EELS/EDX ppm in sp

ESEM ppb - ppm

Filtration detect. dep.

Flow FFFSed
FFF

UV: ppm,
ICPMS: ppb

HDC det. dep.

ICP-MS ppt - ppb

LIBD ppt

NTA ppb - ppm

SEC det dep

SEM ppb - ppm

SLS ppm

SAED

Spectrometry ppb - ppm

TEM ppb - ppm

Turbidimetry ppb - ppm

Ultrafi ltration det. dep.

XPS powder

XRD powder

A Symbols indicates wether the method could only determine narrow PSD or also wide or multimodal particle size distributions (PSD).
B AFM has a shape capability but the lateral dimensions, especially in the scanning direction, are overestimated, which can lead to erroneous
shapes for smaller nanoparticles.
C Some methods capable of determining agglomeration state (e.g. TEM) also have a high degree of perturbation, so results should therefore be
interpreted with caution.
D The approximate concentration ranges applies to requirements for quantitative analysis of the complete sample (not only single particle
analysis).